欧亚国际

最近，来自法国的科学家利用Airphen多光谱相机发表了题为“Physiological adaptive traits are a potential allele reservoir for maize genetic progress under challenging conditions”的文章，文章发表于知名期刊Nature Communications volume 13, Article number: 3225 (2022) 。Hiphen公司是知名的智慧农业、遥感产品、表型成像系统和方案供应商。

生理适应性性状是挑战性条件下玉米遗传进展的潜在等位基因库

摘要

需要结合表型和基因组方法来评估育种策略的进展幅度。在这里，我们分析了65年来玉米产量的遗传进展， 在欧洲种植区最常见的环境场景中，产量相似（101 kg ha−1 year−1 ）。产量增加与生理上简单的性状（植物物候和结构）有关，这些性状间接影响所有研究环境中的生殖发育和光截获，以显著的基因组选择特征为标志。相反，所研究的与胁迫适应有关的生理过程在表型上保持不变（例如气孔导度和生长对干旱的敏感性），并且没有表现出选择的特征。通过产量选择，育种家间接选择了对产量有稳定影响的性状，但不选择对产量有正或负影响的生理性状，这取决于环境条件。由于气候变化下的产量稳定性是可取的，因此可能需要新的育种策略来利用控制生理适应性性状的等位基因。

Physiological adaptive traits are a potential allele reservoir for maize genetic progress under challenging conditions

Nature Communications volume 13, Article number: 3225 (2022) 

Abstract

Combined phenomic and genomic approaches are required to evalsuate the margin of progress of breeding strategies. Here, we analyze 65 years of genetic progress in maize yield, which was similar (101 kg ha−1 year−1) across most frequent environmental scenarioses in the European growing area. Yield gains were linked to physiologically simple traits (plant phenology and architecture) which indirectly affected reproductive development and light interception in all studied environments, marked by significant genomic signatures of selection. Conversely, studied physiological processes involved in stress adaptation remained phenotypically unchanged (e.g. stomatal conductance and growth sensitivity to drought) and showed no signatures of selection. By selecting for yield, breeders indirectly selected traits with stable effects on yield, but not physiological traits whose effects on yield can be positive or negative depending on environmental conditions. Because yield stability under climate change is desirable, novel breeding strategies may be needed for exploiting alleles governing physiological adaptive traits.