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Dualex植物多酚-叶绿素仪:干旱和高温对4个冬小麦基因型光合特性的联合效应
发表时间:2022-05-06 09:07:13点击:773
Dualex是一款源自于法国国家科学院 (CNRS)及巴黎第十一大学技术,由奥地利PESSL公司生产(原法国Force-A公司)开发的新型多功能叶片测量仪。它可同时准确测量叶片的叶绿素含量、叶片表层的类黄酮和花青素含量,适用于植物生理学和农学(如水稻叶绿素浓度,玉米氮素状况,葡萄藤等)相关研究。
其测量对象可以是单子叶植物,双子叶植物或多年生植物。这款设备简单易用,可进a行实时和非破坏性测量。由于不需要校准标定和事先的样品制备,测量工作可在实验室或现场完成。此外,该设备在各种温度的和环境光照条件下均可正常使用。系统采用专利设计,光学传感器可进行简单、快速、无损测量叶片中的叶绿素、多酚以及花青素。
摘要
未来,陆地生态系统将经历更强烈、更长时间的干旱和热浪。然而,这些环境因素及其相互作用如何影响光合活性和水分利用效率仍然是一个悬而未决的问题。由于光合活性决定产量反应,我们研究了四个冬小麦品种旗叶的气体交换和叶绿素荧光特性,包括两个在中欧广泛种植的基因型和两个被认为耐旱的基因型。盆栽植物在自然田间条件下栽培,直到开花(DC 61)。随后,使用实验室生长室,将这些植物暴露在一组最高日温度为26–41°C(温度处理)和最大土壤持水量高于70%和低于30%(干旱处理)的温度条件下。驯化7天和14天后的主要光化学反应(以光系统II光化学的最大量子产率和总叶绿素含量测量)显示了温度和水有效性的典型相互作用,导致在干旱和35°C以上温度的联合影响下产生放大反应。相比之下,干旱和温度处理对表皮黄酮醇含量的影响较小。干旱超温对气孔导度(GSmax)有显著影响。虽然发现了大量的基因型特异性反应,但气孔导度降低导致所有研究基因型的光饱和CO2同化率(Amax)显著降低。然而,GSmax–Amax关系表明,在高于32°C的温度下,其他非气孔过程对CO2的吸收受到限制,尤其是在敏感基因型中。干旱和温度联合处理对水分利用效率(WUE)有较强的交互作用。水分亏缺时,水分利用效率随温度升高而下降的幅度比所有研究基因型的水分充足植株都要大。因此,我们的结果证明了高温和干旱对光合碳吸收的强烈交互作用。检测到的对干旱和热胁迫的敏感性阈值将有助于改进未来预期气候条件下小麦生长和生产的建模。
Combined effects of drought and high temperature on photosynthetic characteristics in four winter wheat genotypes
Abstract
Terrestrial ecosystems are expected to experience more intense and longer drought and heat-waves in the future. How these environmental factors and their interaction influence photosynthetic activity and water use efficiency remains, however, an open question. Since the photosynthetic activity determines yield response, we investigated gas-exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence traits of flag leaves in four winter wheat cultivars, including two genotypes widely grown in Central Europe and two genotypes considered as drought tolerant. Pot-grown plants were cultivated under natural field conditions until anthesis (DC 61). Subsequently, the plants were exposed to a set of temperature regimes with daily maxima of 26–41 °C (temperature treatment) and maximum soil water holding capacity above 70% and below 30% (drought treatment) using laboratory growth chambers. Primary photochemical reactions after 7 and 14 days of acclimation, measured as maximum quantum yield of photosystem II photochemistry and total chlorophyll content, showed typical interactions of temperature and water availability resulting in an amplified response under combined influence of drought and temperatures above 35 °C. In contrast, drought and temperature treatment had only minor effects on content of epidermal flavonols. A dominant effect of drought over temperature on stomatal conductance (GSmax) was observed. Although substantial genotype-specific responses were found, reduced stomatal conductance resulted in significant decrease in light-saturated rates of CO2 assimilation (Amax) in all genotypes studied. The GSmax–Amax relationship, however, revealed limitation of CO2 uptake by other, non-stomatal processes at temperatures above 32 °C, particularly in the sensitive genotypes. Strong interaction of combined drought and temperature treatments was found on water use efficiency (WUE). Decline in WUE with increasing temperature was steeper in water-deficit than well-watered plants of all genotypes studied. Our results thus document a strong interactive effect of elevated temperature and drought on photosynthetic carbon uptake. Detected thresholds of sensitivity to combined drought and heat stress will contribute to improved modelling of wheat growth and production under expected future climate conditions.
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