Dualex植物多酚-叶绿素仪：拉曼光谱和叶绿素a荧光检测除草剂对向日葵色素组成和PSII光化学的影响

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Dualex植物多酚-叶绿素仪：拉曼光谱和叶绿素a荧光检测除草剂对向日葵色素组成和PSII光化学的影响

发表时间：2022-05-12 14:56:50点击：1093

来源：北京欧亚国际科技有限公司

Dualex是一款源自于法国国家科学院 (CNRS)及巴黎第十一大学技术，由奥地利PESSL公司生产（原法国Force-A公司）开发的新型多功能叶片测量仪。它可同时准确测量叶片的叶绿素含量、叶片表层的类黄酮和花青素含量，适用于植物生理学和农学（如水稻叶绿素浓度，玉米氮素状况，葡萄藤等）相关研究。

其测量对象可以是单子叶植物，双子叶植物或多年生植物。这款设备简单易用，可进a行实时和非破坏性测量。由于不需要校准标定和事先的样品制备，测量工作可在实验室或现场完成。此外，该设备在各种温度的和环境光照条件下均可正常使用。系统采用专利设计，光学传感器可进行简单、快速、无损测量叶片中的叶绿素、多酚以及花青素。

摘要

研究了三种作用模式的除草剂对向日葵（向日葵）的影响：原卟啉原氧化酶抑制剂（卡芬太宗乙基）、类胡萝卜素生物合成抑制剂（中三酮、异恶草酮和二氟芬尼康）和乙酰乳酸合酶抑制剂（酰胺磺隆）。将拉曼光谱、叶绿素荧光（ChlF）成像和ChlF的紫外筛选相结合，评估除草剂施用6d后植物叶片中色素成分、光系统II（PSII）光化学和非光化学猝灭的变化。评估了酚类化合物、类胡萝卜素和叶绿素的拉曼信号，并观察了它们强度比的差异。在酰胺磺隆处理的植物中，酚类化合物的相对含量显著增加，同时叶绿素/类胡萝卜素强度比降低。结果通过使用ChlF的UV筛选在体内测量黄酮醇得到证实。类胡萝卜素生物合成抑制剂组的除草剂显著降低了PSII的最大量子效率和ChlF测定的非光化学猝灭。本文提供了高分辨率（150000-200000光谱）的共振拉曼成像（映射）数据，显示了经两种作为类胡萝卜素生物合成抑制剂的除草剂（异恶草酮或二氟芬尼康）处理的黄花蛇舌草叶片中类胡萝卜素的分布。观察到明显的迹象表明，该处理导致向日葵叶片中类胡萝卜素的消耗。根据所施用除草剂的类型，记录的消耗空间格局有所不同。

关键词：类胡萝卜素；叶绿素荧光；类黄酮；光合作用拉曼映射；次级代谢物。

Detection of herbicide effects on pigment composition and PSII photochemistry in Helianthus annuus by Raman spectroscopy and chlorophyll a fluorescence

Abstract

The effects of herbicides from three mode-of-action groups - inhibitors of protoporphyrinogen oxidase (carfentrazone-ethyl), inhibitors of carotenoid biosesynthesis (mesotrione, clomazone, and diflufenican), and inhibitors of acetolactate synthase (amidosulfuron) - were studied in sunflower plants (Helianthus annuus). Raman spectroscopy, chlorophyll fluorescence (ChlF) imaging, and UV screening of ChlF were combined to evalsuate changes in pigment composition, photosystem II (PSII) photochemistry, and non-photochemical quenching in plant leaves 6d after herbicide application. The Raman signals of phenolic compounds, carotenoids, and chlorophyll were evalsuated and differences in their intensity ratioses were observed. Strongly augmented relative content of phenolic compounds was observed in the case of amidosulfuron-treated plants, with a simultaneous decrease in the chlorophyll/carotenoid intensity ratio. The results were confirmed by in vivo measurement of flavonols using UV screening of ChlF. Herbicides from the group of carotenoid biosesynthesis inhibitors significantly decreased both the maximum quantum efficiency of PSII and non-photochemical quenching as determined by ChlF. Resonance Raman imaging (mapping) data with high resolution (150,000-200,000 spectra) are presented, showing the distribution of carotenoids in H. annuus leaves treated by two of the herbicides acting as inhibitors of carotenoid biosesynthesis (clomazone or diflufenican). Clear signs were observed that the treatment induced carotenoid depletion within sunflower leaves. The depletion spatial pattern registered differed depending on the type of herbicide applied.

Keywords: Carotenoids; Chlorophyll fluorescence; Flavonoids; Photosynthesis; Raman mapping; Secondary metabolites.