Plantarray植物功能生理表型测量系统：利用“黄金时段”WUE开发具有最佳节水和生长性状的上等蔬菜品种

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Plantarray植物功能生理表型测量系统：利用“黄金时段”WUE开发具有最佳节水和生长性状的上等蔬菜品种

发表时间：2024-05-07 11:25:04点击：228

来源：北京欧亚国际科技有限公司

Plantarray是一款基于称重的高通量、多传感器生理表型平台以及植物逆境生物学研究通用平台。该系统可持续、实时测量位于不同环境条件下、阵列中每个植株的土壤-植物-空气（SPAC）中的即时水流动。直接测量根系和茎叶系统水平衡和生物量增加，计算植物生理参数以及植物对动态环境的反馈。系统以有效、易用、无损的方式针对植物对不同处理的反应、预测植物生长和生产力进行定量比较，广泛应用于生物胁迫和非生物胁迫以及植物栽培加速育种研究等，胁迫研究涵盖干旱胁迫、盐胁迫、重金属胁迫、热、冷胁迫、光胁迫以及灌溉/养分、CO2指示、植物健康等领域的研究。

摘要

创造高产和节水的作物品种依赖于对作物用水和光合生理学的深刻理解。目前，改善作物干旱响应的主流策略集中在气孔的调节上。然而，虽然减少气孔的诱导可以提高水分利用效率（WUE），但它会导致光合同化能力的下降，因为气孔是 CO2 摄入和水蒸发的共享管道。随着表型组学的进步，最近的研究揭示了植物光合作用和蒸腾作用（Tr）调控模式的差异。根据基因型的不同，清晨，当光照强度充足但蒸气压不足（VPD）较低时，被称为高用水效率（WUE）的“黄金时段”。在这个窗口期，植物可以在低VPD环境中以较低的Tr水平获得更高的光合作用强度。这对于节水条件下的高效生物质生产非常有利。因此，通过气孔控制对WUE进行精确和更明智的调节对于解决节水和产量之间的微妙平衡至关重要。本文介绍了黄金时WUE（GHW）性状的概念和意义，并阐明了使用现代表型技术对该性状进行定量和高通量筛选的方法。在此基础上，提出了一种系统地筛选和利用植物育种中GHW性状的方法。这种拟议的方法有可能为实现节水和植物生长之间的平衡提供解决方案。

Leveraging 'golden-hour'WUE for developing uperior vegetable varieties with optimal water-saving and growth traits

Abstract

Creating high-yielding and water-efficient crop varieties relies on a profound understanding of crop water usage and photosynthetic physiology. Currently, the prevailing strategies for improving drought response in crops center around the regulation of stomata. However, while reducing stomatal onductance can boost water use efficiency (WUE), it results in a decline in photosynthetic assimilation capacity, because stomata function as a shared conduit for both CO2 intake and water evaporation. With the advancement of phenomics, recent research has unveiled disparities in the regulatory patterns of photosynthesis and transpiration (Tr) in plants. Depending on the genotype, the early morning period, when light intensity is sufficient yet vapor pressure deficit (VPD) is low, is referred to as the 'golden hours'for high water use efficiency (WUE). During this window, plants can attain higher photosynthetic intensity with lower Tr levels in a low VPD environment. This is highly advantageous for efficient biomass production under water-saving conditions. Thus, precise and more judicious modulation of WUE through stomatal control becomes pivotal in addressing the delicate balance between water conservation and yield. This perspective paper introduces the concept and significance of the golden-hour WUE (GHW) trait and elucidates the methods for quantitative and high-throughput screening of this trait using modern phenotyping techniques. Building upon this foundation, a systematic approach for screening and leveraging the GHW traits in plant breeding is proposed. This proposed approach holds the potential to offer a solution for achieving a balance between water-saving and plant growth.